Diabetes mellitus is a scourge of the 21st century.This endocrine disease of the pancreas leads to damage to all organs.Above all, the kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels suffer.Types of diabetes - insulin -dependent and insulin thros.The first species suffer from children and young people under the age of 30, they are transferred with the genes by inheritance.In this case, you cannot reach the desired standard of living without constant introduction of insulins.An insulin pump is best fulfilled with this task.Type -2 diabetes can be found in medium and older people with an increased body weight.
In this article we will consider the differences between diabetes of the 1st and 2nd type.
Features of type -1 -diabetes
The main mechanism for the development of the disease is the lack of insulin.This is a peptide hormone of the pancreas, which is made by special beta cells of the Langergan Islands.His main function is to ensure that glucose penetrates the cell.Glucose is the main material, without it life is impossible.In the first type of diabetes, sugar in the blood circulates, but cannot get into the cell.Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is simple based on the determination of glucose in the blood.With an increase in level, you can make an appropriate diagnosis.Due to the necessity that patients have to constantly take therapy, this diabetes is described as insulin-dependent.
The causes of cell destruction that produce insulin are not very well examined.The most common autoimmune mechanism is found when your own immune cells attack the pancreas.All cells are destroyed throughout life.The only treatment method is substitution therapy with insulins.
Types of diabetes are easy to distinguish from each other.
Type -1 disease is inherited.Therefore, it begins to manifest itself at a young age.The vast majority of patients are proven up to 30 years.The disease debut strongly, serious symptoms develop in a short time.Cases are not uncommon if diabetes of the first type manifest in a coma.
Other characteristic symptoms are:
- unbearable thirst;
- increased appetite;
- dry mouth;
- improved urination, even at night;
- pronounced weight loss;
- Skin itches;
- pronounced weakness;
- Sweat;
- Vision of the view.
Features of type -2 -diabetes
It occurs into the body with a constantly high glucose absorption.In the vast majority of cases, patients with obesity develop.The mechanism of the disease is different, the cells of the body either do not take glucose or do not perceive insulin.This is due to a violation of the metabolism that occurs during obesity.
The disease does not appear for a long time.Then patients have symptoms -length of time non -healing wounds and cuts, dry mouth, visual impairment and long -flow thrush.
Type -2 diabetes is dangerous with serious complications:
- Visual injury to blindness;
- Reduction of kidney function;
- Development of trophic ulcers;
- Damage to the heart muscle;
- Common and lengthy infections.
The spectrum of the target organs is wide because excess glucose affects the blood vessels.This means that all organs and tissues are affected to different degrees.
The diagnosis of the disease is common in diabetes 1 and 2 types.
We examined the differences between the 1st and 2nd types of diabetes.What do these diseases have in common?
Despite the types of diabetes, the diagnosis is the same.The main test is the determination of glucose in the blood.Usually this indicator does not cross 5.5 mmol/l.Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when the glucose level exceeds 6.1 mmol/l.The interim result is not regarded as a disease.Sugar increase sometimes with colds, injuries, stressful situations, non -compliance with the patient with the rules for the test, some medication.In such cases, it is worth repeating the analysis after a few weeks.
In addition to determining the blood sugar, other diagnostic methods are also used:
- Determination of glycated hemoglobin;
- Determination of glucose and acetone in the urine;
- Determination of C-peptide.
Under the conditions of scientific centers to distinguish the types of diabetes among themselves, in controversial cases, use the identification of genes that are responsible for the development of hereditary diabetes.
Differences between the 1st and 2nd types of diabetes
The beginning of diabetes
Types of diabetes differ in the insertion of the disease.He hereditary diabetes suddenly develops, in young and thin people who are strong, requires emergency aid.
Type -2 -Diabetes develops slowly, and no urgent intervention in older people with an excess body weight.
Insulin reception
It is necessary to treat diabetes of type 1 and 2.The difference in your treatment is enormous.
Treatment of the insulin -dependent type is mandatory.How long the patient will live without complications will live from a properly selected insulin therapy.Patients should study on diabetes at special schools to examine their illness and to live completely.
The approach to the therapy of the acquired diabetes is completely different.Only with a long heavy type -2 diabetes are diabetic after using the entire arsenal of tablets.
In the modern world, diabetes are not convicted, patients live in old age and can give birth to children.The spectrum of professions that diabetics can master are very wide.
At the first identified diagnosis of type -1 diabetes, patients are hospitalized for the selection of insulin doses.After discharge, the diabetics himself control his diet, the degree of glycemia and insulin injections.You shouldn't be limited to food.The dose of the drug should correspond to the amount of glucose in food.There are bread units to measure it.This is a measurement of the sugar content in different types of food.In accordance with the number of food bread units, the patient must inject the equivalent insulin dose in order to avoid the coma.
Life
In the first type of diabetes of the second type, the main focus is on the right nutrition.The patient is forbidden to eat cute, flour, sweet fruits, juices, some grain.If the blood sugar is not achieved by changing the diet, sugary medication is prescribed.
The identification of congenital diabetes includes a cardinal change in the lifestyle.Now the patient is bound to an vital dose of insulin.The rejection of treatment means death.
prevention
In addition to treatment, the difference in two types of diabetes is the possibility of prevention.It is impossible to prevent the first type diabetes.Type -2 diabetes is not only possible, but also necessary.Obesity, lack of motor activity, abuse of sweets leads to illness.